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Vitalik: Recursive STARK Memory Pool Can Reduce Costs of Quantum-Safe Signatures and Privacy Transactions

2026-09-09 15:40

Odaily News, Vitalik posted on the X platform, expressing his hope to include the recursive STARK memory pool proposal EIP-8288 in the Ethereum I-star upgrade, stating that it can be seen as the next step after Frames. This solution can place quantum-safe signature data off-chain, reducing signature costs; the fuel cost of quantum-safe privacy transactions is also expected to drop from approximately 10 million to tens of thousands. The solution aggregates transaction dependencies through frames and recursive STARKs, with nodes sending one STARK of about 100 to 300KB per time cycle; the on-chain overhead is one STARK and 96 bytes per statement to be proven.